Author: International

  • Neutral Citations

    When citing an unreported decision, it is advisable to use an official neutral citation, if available. The House of Lords, Privy Council and Court of Appeal adopted neutral citation in 2001. All Supreme Court judgments have a neutral citation. The courts and divisions of the High Court […]

  • Identifier

    Court identifiers Early law reports Pre-1875, it is not always easy or possible to determine which court decided a particular reported case. Accordingly, in this period it may not be possible to include court identifiers. Where it is possible to identify the court, use the following […]

  • Sample Subscription and Shareholder Agreement

    Sample Subscription and Shareholder Agreement DATED 18 NOVEMBER 2013 THE INVESTORS and THE FOUNDERS and THE COMPANY _____ SUBSCRIPTION AND SHAREHOLDERS’ AGREEMENT relating to COMPANY LTD (as amended by amendment and restatement agreements dated … and …) ______ THIS […]

  • History of Magna Carta

    The imminent danger of finding himself at war with his own rebellious barons persuaded -in accordance to Bamber Gascoigne´ Encyclopedia of Britain about “Magna Carta”- King John to fix his royal seal (on 15 June 1215 ‘in the meadow called Runnymede between Windsor and Staines’) to this […]

  • Navigation Act

    Navigation Act, 1651 The members of the Rump (Parliment), still the nominal rulers of England, finding opportunity for profit in the sale of royalist lands and in the administration of finance, had exasperated Cromwell by their maladministration and neglect of the public welfare. The […]

  • John Henry Blunt

    Life and Work John Henry Blunt (1823-1884), English divine, was born at Chelsea in 1823, and before going to the university of Durham in 1850 was for some years engaged in business as a manufacturing chemist. He was ordained in 1852 and took his M.A. degree in 1855, publishing in the same […]

  • Corpse

    Corpse (Lat. corpus, the body), a dead human body. By the common law of England a corpse is not the subject of property nor capable of holding property. It is not therefore larceny to steal a corpse, but any removal of the coffin or grave-cloths is otherwise, such remaining the property of […]

  • Cricket

    Cricket is defined in the New English Dictionary as “an open-air game played with bats, ball and wickets by two sides of eleven players each; the batsman defends his wicket against the ball which is bowled by a player of the opposing side, the other players of this side being stationed about […]

  • Prisoners Vote

    Background Since 1969 no convicted prisoner in the United Kingdom has been allowed to vote. This prohibition was imposed, without debate, by the Representation of the People Act 1969. For two years before that there was no statutory bar to prisoners voting by post, albeit that there were, in […]

  • Pre-Trial

    Fraud and the Pre-Trial Procedure Charging Process There is more information about this section in the entry about Charging Process in this legal Encyclopedia. Transfers There is more information about this section in the entry about Transfers in this legal Encyclopedia. Pre-Trial […]

  • Financial Ombudsman Service

    Online Dispute Resolution in the Financial Ombudsman Service The UK Financial Ombudsman Service was established by statute in 2000 as the mandatory ADR body in the financial services sector. Its function is to resolve disputes between consumers and UK-based financial businesses quickly and […]

  • Incorporated Council of Law Reporting

    Incorporated Council of Law Reporting (ICLR) The ICLR was founded (as the Council for Law Reporting) in 1865 specifically to address the need for consistent and reliable coverage of those decisions that demonstrated not only the activity of justice but also the development of the common law. […]

  • List of Bilateral Treaties concluded by the EU and the UK

    List of Bilateral Treaties concluded by the European Union and the United Kingdom This list comprises an alphabetical inventory of bilateral international agreements, in which the United Kingdom is a contracting party, concluded by the European Union, the European Community, the European […]

  • Inchoate Offences

    Attempt: Mens rea Michael J. Allen (Textbook on Criminal Law, Twelfth Edition, 2014) says: Following the discussion of Khan[1990] 2 All ER 783 and Attorney-General’s Reference (No. 3 of 1992) [1994] 2 All ER 121 the Court of Appeal has given further consideration to this issue in Pace […]

  • Dictionary of English Law

    Jowitt’s Dictionary of English Law By the late the Right Honourable the Earl Jowitt and Clifford Walsh, ll.m., Solicitor of the Supreme Court. First edition: 1959 (2 Vols.) Second edition, by John Burke, Barrister, Sometime Editor of Current Law. [London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd. […]