Tag: History
-
Finance History
The primitive financial institutions of England centre round the king’s household, or, in other words, the royal economy precedes the national one. Revenue dues collected by the king’s agents, rents, or rather returns of produce, from land, and special levies for emergencies form the elements […]
-
Tax System History
Note: there is some information about the history of direct taxation here; and on the history of indirect taxation here. The direct taxation took the shape of a “monthly assessment” which was fixed from time to time, and which was collected under strict regulations, in marked contrast to […]
-
British Church
The Church of England claims to be a branch of the Catholic and Apostolic Church; it is episcopal in its essence and administration, and is established by law in that the state recognizes it as the national church of the English people, an integral part of the constitution of the realm. […]
-
Secular Court
The church and the law courts In 1833 the supreme jurisdiction of the Court of Delegates was transferred to the judicial committee of the privy council. Before this court came an appeal by a clerk named Gorham, 452 whom the bishop of Exeter refused to institute to a benefice because he denied […]
-
Elizabethan Settlement
Elizabethan Settlement and the Church of England Elizabeth’s accession was hailed with pleasure; she was known to dislike her sister’s ecclesiastical policy, and a change was expected. An Act of Supremacy restored to the crown the authority over the church held by Henry Elizabethan settlement. […]
-
Long Parliament
History Convocation of the Long Parliament, 1640 In his Scotch policy Charles overreached himself. With the zealous coöperation of Archbishop Laud, imprudently attempted to strengthen the episcopacy (system of bishops) in the northern kingdom, and likewise to introduce an un-Calvinistic […]
-
Absolutism
Absolutism of the Tudors, 1485-1603 Absolutism had reached its high-water mark in England long before the power and prestige of the French monarchy had culminated in the person of Louis XIV. In the sixteenth century—the very century in which the French sovereigns faced constant foreign […]
-
John Lesley
Life John Lesley (1527-1596), Scottish bishop and historian, was born in 1527. His father was Gavin Lesley, rector of Kingussie. He was educated at the university of Aberdeen, where he took the degree of M.A. In 1538 he obtained a dispensation permitting him to hold a benefice, […]
-
Thomas Burnet
Sir Thomas Burnet (1694-1753), was the literary executor and biographer of his father Gilbert Burnet, and became in 1741 judge in the court of common pleas. Gilbert Burnet Gilbert Burnet (1643-1715), English bishop and historian, was born in Edinburgh on the 18th of September 1643, of an […]
-
Stephen Gardiner
Stephen Gardiner (c. 1493-1555), English bishop and lord chancellor, was a native of Bury St Edmunds. The date of his birth as commonly given, 1483, seems to be about ten years too early, and surmises which have passed current that he was some one’s illegitimate child are of no […]
-
Nonconformists
The Nonconformists The Nonconformists and the Church of England From 1574 the Protestant Nonconformists strove to introduce Presbyterianism. Cause for grievance existed in the state of the church which had suffered from the late violent changes. Elizabeth plundered it, and laymen who owned the […]
-
Anglo-Norman Law
Criminal Law History Minor acts of violence, dishonesty or nuisance, were dealt with in seigniorial and borough courts by presentment of the jurors of courts baron and courts leet, and punished by fine or in some cases by pillory, tumbril or stocks. Grave acts were dealt with by the sheriff […]
-
Hugh McCalmont Cairns
Analysis From the book Studies in Contemporary Biography, by James Bryce: Hugh M’Calmont Cairns, afterwards Earl Cairns (born 1819, died 1885), was one of three remarkable Scoto-Irishmen whom the north-east corner of Ulster gave to the United Kingdom in one generation, and each of whom […]
-
Henry Garnet
Henry Garnet (1555-1606), English Jesuit, son of Brian Garnett (or Garnet), a schoolmaster at Nottingham, was educated at Winchester and afterwards studied law in London. Having become a Roman Catholic, he went to Italy, joined the Society of Jesus in 1575, and acquired under Bellarmine […]
-
Lex Mercatoria
The Law Merchant The Treatise The Lex mercatoria was a short treatise, the earliest known treatment of what a later age would call “the law merchant.” It was written in England in the late thirteenth century and exists in only one known copy, which is found in sections of the Little Red […]