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Thematic Index
Entries Categorized: P (446)
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Lancaster
[rtbs name="english-law"] Resources See Also COUNTY PALATINE COURTP C
Meaning of P c The following is an old definition of P c [1]: Patent cases; penal code; pleas of the crown; political code: pracfice cases; precedents in chancery. Resources Notes and References Concept of P c provided by the Anderson Dictionary of Law (1889) (Dictionary of Law consisting of [...]P.C.
Concept of P.C. Traditional meaning of p.c. [1] in the English common law history: For Parliamentary Cases; Privy Council; Pleas of the Crown. [rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, "P.C.", Boston: [...]Page1022
Resources See Also Further Reading Page1022 in the Encyclopedia of Britain Page1022 in the Osborn's Concise Law Dictionary Page1022 in the Halsbury's Laws of England Page1022 in the Stroud's Judicial Dictionary of Words and Phrases Page1022 in the Jowitt's Dictionary of [...]Paid Shares
Reduction of Company's Capital under s642 To extinguish or reduce liability on partly paid shares Find under this subsection information about To extinguish or reduce liability on partly paid shares in relation to Reduction of Company's Capital under s642.Pairing
Pairing Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament Pairing is an arrangement between two Members of the Parliament of opposing parties to not vote in a particular division. This enables an Member of Parliament to be absent without affecting the result of the vote as they effectively cancel each [...]Palace Court
[rtbs name="english-law"] Resources See Also CourtPalatine Courts
(Source: the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) These were special jurisdictions in which the King's writ did not run. The Palatinate of Chester was a portion of the Earldom of Chester, the Palatinate of Durham was presided over by the Bishop of Durham, and the Duchy of Lancaster [...]Palatine Courts under Edward I
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward I of England Palatine Courts under Edward I and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Edward I and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Edwards, John G., ed. Flint Pleas, 1283-1285. Flint [...]Palatine Courts under Edward Ii
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward II of England Palatine Courts under Edward II and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Edward II and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Farrer, William, ed. Lancashire Inquests, Extents, and [...]Palatine Courts under Edward Iii
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward III of England Palatine Courts under Edward III and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Edward III and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Farrer, William, ed. Lancashire Inquests, Extents, [...]Palatine Courts under Edward Iv
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward IV of England Palatine Courts under Edward IV and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Edward IV and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Selby, Walford D. Lancashire and Cheshire Records [...]Palatine Courts under Edward V
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward V of England Palatine Courts under Edward V and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Edward V and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Selby, Walford D. Lancashire and Cheshire Records [...]Palatine Courts under Henry Iii
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry III of England Palatine Courts under Henry III and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Henry III and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Farrer, William, ed. Lancashire Inquests, Extents, and [...]Palatine Courts under Henry Iv
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry IV of England Palatine Courts under Henry IV and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Henry IV and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Parker, John W. R., ed. Plea Rolls of the County Palatine [...]Palatine Courts under Henry V
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry V of England Palatine Courts under Henry V and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Henry V and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Selby, Walford D. Lancashire and Cheshire Records Preserved [...]Palatine Courts under Henry Vi
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry VI of England Palatine Courts under Henry VI and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Henry VI and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Selby, Walford D. Lancashire and Cheshire Records [...]Palatine Courts under Henry Vii
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry VII of England Palatine Courts under Henry VII and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Henry VII and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Fishwick, Henry, ed. Pleadings and Depositions in the [...]Palatine Courts under John
This issue under the Ruling of John of England Palatine Courts under John and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under John and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Farrer, William, ed. Lancashire Inquests, Extents, and Feudal Aids. 3 Vols [...]Palatine Courts under Richard Ii
This issue under the Ruling of King Richard II of England Palatine Courts under Richard II and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Richard II and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Selby, Walford D. Lancashire and Cheshire Records [...]Palatine Courts under Richard Iii
This issue under the Ruling of King Richard III of England Palatine Courts under Richard III and Medieval Law Palatine Courts under Richard III and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Selby, Walford D. Lancashire and Cheshire [...]Palatine Of Lancaster Court
The Palatine of Lancaster Court Name The Palatine of Lancaster Court is the standarized name of one of the UK Ecclesiastical Courts (see the entries in this legal Encyclopedia about court rules and procedural law for more information on some aspects of the Palatine of Lancaster Court).Panel
Panel member in relation with the Courts and Tribunals in England Panel members assess all information about candidates (their performance in interview and any role play, their self-assessment and references) and agree which candidates best meet the required qualities and abilities. Panel of [...]Pannel
Scottish Law: Pannel in the Past A person, accused of a crime; one indicted. [1][rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, this information about pannel is based on the Bouvier´s Law Dictionary, 1848 edition. There is a list of terms of the Bouvier´s Law Dictionary, [...]Paper
Concept of Paper The following is an old definition of Paper [1], a term which has several meanings:1. Within the meaning of the revenue law, a book is not paper or manufacture of paper. 2. In a statute against sending obscene papers, includes a letter. 3. In the sense of a printed sheet or [...]Paper Applications
Paper Applications in relation to the Technology and Construction Court [rtbs name="technology-and-construction-court"]Civil Procedure Rules 23.8 and paragraphs 11.1-11.2 of Practice Direction 23A enable certain applications to be dealt with in writing. Parties in a Technology and Construction [...]Paper Days
English Law: Paper Days in the Past Days on which special arguments are to take place. Tuesdays and Fridays in term time are paper days appointed by the court. Lee's Dict. of Pr. h. t.; Arch. Pr. 101. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, this [...]Paramount
Concept of Paramount Traditional meaning of paramount [1] in the English common law history: Above; over all. The lord paramount: the chief lord, of whom the mesne lords held; see 2nd Book ("The Rights of Things"), Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England 90. [rtbs [...]Paravail
Concept of Paravail Traditional meaning of paravail [1] in the English common law history: The lowest tenant of land was so called, he who held of the mesne lords, and was supposed to occupy the land. [rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law [...]Parceners
English Law: Parceners in the Past The daughters of a man or woman seised of lands and tenements in fee simple or fee tail, on whom, after the death of such ancestor, such lands and tenements descend and they enter. Litt. s. 243; Co. Litt. 164 2 Bouv. Inst. n. 1871-2. Vide Coparceners. [...]Parco Fracito
English Law: Parco Fracito in the Past The name of a writ against one who violently breaks a pound and takes from thence beasts which, for some trespass done or some other just cause, were lawfully impounded. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, [...]Pardon
Meaning of Pardon The following is an old definition of Pardon [1]: Forgiveness, release, remission. An act of grace, proceeding from tile power entrusted with the execution of the laws, which exempts the individual, on whom it is bestowed, from the punishment the law inflicts for a crime he [...]Parens
Meaning of Parens (Latin Term) The following is an old definition of Parens (latin term) [1]: A parent; a father. In loco parentis. In the place of the parent. Said of a person invested with the rights and charged with the duties of the parent of a child, as, a guardian,and, in some sense, a [...]Parent Act
Definition of Parent Act Parent acts are enabling acts which set out the framework of legislation.Parent and Child
Parent and Child Modern Law Introduction to Parent and Child The legal relationships of parent and child established under common law have been modified by statute in Britain and the U.S. In general, such statutes provide that a married woman is a joint guardian of her children with her [...]Pari Passu
Pari passu in Legal Latin Meaning of the latin term Pari passu from the University of Kent: 'With equal step' - Proportionally, without preference. The principle that where there are competing claimants, (e.g. in bankruptcy proceedings) assets should be distributed on a pro rata basis, in [...]Park
English Law: Park in the Past An enclosed chase (q.v.) extending only over a man's own grounds. There is further information on this topic in this legal reference. The term park signifies an enclosure. 2 Bl. Com. 38. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References [...]Parliament
Introduction to Parliament British Parliament, supreme legislature of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It consists, technically, of the Crown, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons, but when commonly referred to, it means the House of Commons and House of Lords. [...]Parliament Acts
Parliament Acts Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament The Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 limit the power of the House of Lords in relation to the House of Commons. They replaced the Lords' right to veto Commons Bills with a right only to delay them and put into law the Commons' [...]Parliament History
Introduction to Parliament History Parliament is one of the oldest and most honored parts of the British government. Its name, from the French word parler (to talk), was given to meetings of the English king's council in the mid-13th century. Its immediate predecessor was the king's [...]Parliament History The Growth of Parliamentary Power
Introduction to Parliament History The Growth of Parliamentary Power In the 14th century, Parliament split into two houses, gained control over statutes and taxation, created impeachment (1376), and presided over the abdications of Edward II (1327) and Richard II (1399). Growth continued under [...]Parliament History The Modern Parliament
Introduction to Parliament History The Modern Parliament In the 19th century the House of Commons became democratic. The Great Reform Bill of 1832 gave the vote to the middle class for the first time. Acts in 1867 and 1884 enfranchised workingmen, and another in 1885 created equal electoral [...]Parliamentary Agent
Parliamentary Agent Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament Parliamentary Agents are special lawyers who introduce and promote Private Bills through Parliament. As Private Bills affect only a particular group or individual such as a company or a local council it is up to them to petition [...]Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards
Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is an independent officer of the House of Commons. His or her job is to oversee the Register of Members' Financial Interests and the Code of Conduct for Members of [...]Parliamentary Counsel
Parliamentary Counsel Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament The Office of the Parliamentary Counsel are experienced barristers and solicitors who assist government departments in preparing Bills. Government departments send their proposals to the Counsel who produce draft versions of the Bill [...]Parliamentary Documents
Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents and Legal History Bibliographies of English Law History Maxwell, William H. A Legal Bibliography of the British Commonwealth of Nations. Volume 1: English Law to 1800. London: [...]Parliamentary Documents under Edward I
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward I of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Edward I and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Edward I and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under Edward Ii
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward II of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Edward II and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Edward II and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under Edward Iii
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward III of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Edward III and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Edward III and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline [...]Parliamentary Documents under Edward Iv
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward IV of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Edward IV and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Edward IV and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under Edward V
This issue under the Ruling of King Edward V of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Edward V and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Edward V and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under Henry Iii
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry III of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Henry III and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Henry III and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under Henry Iv
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry IV of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Henry IV and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Henry IV and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under Henry V
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry V of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Henry V and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Henry V and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School [...]Parliamentary Documents under Henry Vi
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry VI of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Henry VI and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Henry VI and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under Henry Vii
This issue under the Ruling of King Henry VII of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Henry VII and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Henry VII and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould [...]Parliamentary Documents under John
This issue under the Ruling of John of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under John and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under John and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) [...]Parliamentary Documents under Richard Ii
This issue under the Ruling of King Richard II of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Richard II and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Richard II and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline [...]Parliamentary Documents under Richard Iii
This issue under the Ruling of King Richard III of England Calendars and Registers of Parliamentary Documents Parliamentary Documents under Richard III and Medieval Law Parliamentary Documents under Richard III and Legal History Legal Materials (Compiled by the University of South Caroline [...]Parliamentary Labour Party
PLP or Parliamentary Labour Party in the History This refers to the faction of the Labour Party that is actually in parliament, which is different from the Labour Party as a whole. The PLP therefore consists of all elected Labour MPs.Parliamentary Private Secretaries
Parliamentary Private Secretaries Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament A Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) is appointed by a minister to be his or her assistant. He or she is selected from backbench Members of the Parliament as the 'eyes and ears' of the minister in the House of [...]Parliamentary Privilege
Parliamentary privilege Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament Parliamentary privilege grants certain legal immunities for Members of both Houses to allow them to perform their duties without interference from outside of the House. Parliamentary privilege includes freedom of speech and the [...]Parliamentary Procedure
Resources See Also Further Reading Parliamentary Procedure in the Encyclopedia of Britain Parliamentary Procedure in the Osborn's Concise Law Dictionary Parliamentary Procedure in the Halsbury's Laws of England Parliamentary Procedure in the Stroud's Judicial Dictionary of Words [...]Parliamentary Questions
Parliamentary Questions (PQs) Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament A Parliamentary Question (PQ) is a question put formally to a government minister about a matter they are responsible for by an Member of Parliament or a member of the Lords. PQs may be asked orally - during ministerial [...]Parliamentary Records
(Source: the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) During the reign of Edward I (1272-1307) the role of parliament became more important as, (D)iscontent with royal government prompted demands for a larger voice in advising the king, amounting at times to a claim to control his [...]Parliamentary Sovereignty
Parliamentary Sovereignty Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament Parliamentary sovereignty is a principle of the UK constitution. It makes Parliament the supreme legal authority in the UK which can create or end any law. Generally, the courts cannot overrule its legislation and no Parliament [...]Part 7 Claims
Part 7 Claims in relation to the Technology and Construction Court [rtbs name="technology-and-construction-court"]The Part 7 claim form must be marked “Technology and Construction Court” in the appropriate place on the form. Particulars of Claim may be served with the claim form, but this is [...]Part 8 Claims
Part 8 Claims in relation to the Technology and Construction Court [rtbs name="technology-and-construction-court"]The Part 8 claim form must be marked “Technology and Construction Court” in the appropriate place on the form. A Part 8 claim form will normally be used where there is no [...]Part Time
Part time in relation with the Courts and Tribunals in England Part time refers to all fee-paid roles and to salaried roles that do not require the office holder to work full time.Partial Performance
Definition of Partial Performance The completion or provision of a part of the agreement either party of a contract has agreed.Parties
Parties in Contract Formation It is often advisable to include this term in any contract. In Pinsent Mason's words:The names and addresses of all the contracting parties should be clearly stated. Parties to crime This section offers a description about Parties to crime in the study of the [...]Partner
Liability and Rights in Respect of Outsiders in the Partnership: The power of a partner to bind the firm Refine your research by picking one of the following subsections: Business of the kind carried on by the firm Carrying on in the usual way Acts always outside the usual authority of a [...]Partner Liability
Liability and Rights in Respect of Outsiders in the Partnership: Liability of partners in respect of contracts Liability and Rights in Respect of Outsiders in the Partnership: Liability of partners for wrongful acts or omissions Liability and Rights in Respect of Outsiders in the [...]Partner Relations
Relations Between the Partners: The working relationship Refine your research by picking one of the following subsections: Share of profits and losses Right of indemnity Interest on advances Interest on capital Management and remuneration Introduction of new partners Settlement of [...]Partner Rights
Liability and Rights in Respect of Outsiders in the Partnership: The power of a partner to bind the firm Acts always outside the usual authority of a partner in both trading and non-trading firms Find under this subsection information about Acts always outside the usual authority of a partner [...]Partnership
Liability and Rights in Respect of Outsiders in the Partnership: Where a partner acts on his own account Refine your research by picking one of the following subsections: Liability and Rights in Respect of Outsiders in the Partnership: Liability of partners in respect of contracts Liability [...]Partnership Act
Profits as a key determinant of the partnership Partnership Act Find under this subsection information about Partnership Act in relation to Profits as a key determinant of the partnership. Formation of a Partnership: Application of the Partnership ActPartnership Agreement
Formation of a Partnership: The form of the agreement Brief Introduction to Partnership Agreement (or Partnership Deed) in Partnership Law An agreement between the partners that sets out the roles and responsibilities of the partners and also the division of the profits and losses of the [...]Partnership Articles
The partnership articles: the substance of the relationshipPartnership Capacity
Formation of a Partnership: CapacityPartnership Dissolution
The consequences of dissolution of Partnership: Refine your research by picking one of the following subsections: Notice of dissolution Continuing authority of partners for the purposes of windingup Return of premium on dissolution Rights where partnership dissolved for fraud or [...]Partnership Formation
Formation of a Partnership Refine your research by picking one of the following subsections: The partnership articles: the substance of the relationship Formation of a Partnership: The form of the agreement Formation of a Partnership: Capacity Formation of a Partnership: Illegal [...]Partnership Law
The partnership and the company contrasted Partnership law Find under this subsection information about Partnership law in relation to The partnership and the company contrasted.Partnership Name
Formation of a Partnership: The partnership namePartnership Nature
Profits as a key determinant of the partnership Refine your research by picking one of the following subsections: Partnership Act The receipt by a person of a debt or other liquidated amount by instalments or otherwise out of profits A contract for the remuneration of a servant or agent by [...]Partnership Overview
A partnership is a business that is owned by two or more people. Partnerships are common in shop ownerships, e.g., Sam and Jane's Tea Shop, Pete and Sons Mechanics; and professional practices, e.g., dentists, accountants, lawyers, doctors. Partnerships are common in both the professions and [...]Partnership Proceedings
Formation of a Partnership: Proceedings by or against partnershipsPartnership Profits
Profits as a key determinant of the partnership The advance of money by way of a loan to a person engaged or about to engage in business Find under this subsection information about The advance of money by way of a loan to a person engaged or about to engage in business in relation to Profits [...]Partnership Property
Relations Between the Partners: Partnership propertyParty Conferences
Party Conferences in the History Party conferences are general meetings of party members that take place once a year and decide much of the upcoming policy of a political party. Every party has their conference at some point over the three weeks of parliamentary recess at the end of [...]Party litigant
Party litigant Meaning Party litigant in Scottish Law In a court action, someone who appears without a legal representative.Passing Off
Concept of Passing off in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined passing off as follows: An action to restrain a trader from misrepresenting his goods, services or business as those of an established trader by using a trade mark, get-up or other indicia that is the same [...]Pastoral Farming
Pastoral Farming History Farming relating to livestock rather than crops. If crops are grown then they are used to feed the animals rather than for sale.Patent
Concept of Patent The following is an old definition of Patent [1], a term which has several meanings:1 (1) Open to inspection; not closed by sealing. Grants by the king of lands, honors, liberties, franchises, etc., are contained in charters or letters-patent, that is, open letters: not [...]Patent Office
The Patent Office Name The Patent Office is the standarized name of one of the UK Tribunals and Government Offices (see the entries in this legal Encyclopedia about court rules and procedural law for more information on some aspects of the Patent Office in the UK). [rtbs name="courts"]Patent Rolls
The Rolls Series, which while not an exclusively legal source, contains much legal material (Source: the University of South Caroline Gould School of Law) Letters patent resemble charters, as they contained the more public directions of the kings, such as grants of offices and lands and [...]Patents County Court
The Patents County Court Name The Patents County Court is the standarized name of one of the England and Wales Subordinate and Other Courts (see the entries in this legal Encyclopedia about court rules and procedural law for more information on some aspects of the Patents County Court in the [...]Patient Rights and Complaints
Resources See Also Further Reading Patient Rights and Complaints in the Encyclopedia of Britain Patient Rights and Complaints in the Osborn's Concise Law Dictionary Patient Rights and Complaints in the Halsbury's Laws of England Patient Rights and Complaints in the Stroud's [...]Patria
Concept of Patria The following is an old definition of Patria [1], a term which has several meanings:1. Belonging to a father; paternal. Patria potestas. Paternal authority: the power which, under Roman law, the head of a family (paterfamilias) had over that family. Continued to the dose of [...]In Perpetual Beta
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