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Entries Categorized: Commercial Law (831)
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2012 Riots
Reading the 2012 Riots Tim Newburn, from the London School of Economics, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Crime and Society," under the title "Reading the 2012 Riots". Here is the abstract: This paper looks at the [...]Abere-murder
Concept of Abere-murder Traditional meaning of abere-murder [1] in the Saxon law history: Wilful murder. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, [...]Abiding By
Concept of Abiding by Traditional meaning of abiding by [1] in scots law: In Scotch law, the judicial declaration of a party that he abides by a deed which has been attacked as forged, at his peril. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of [...]Absolute
Concept of Absolute Traditional meaning of absolute [1] in scots law: Unconditional; complete in itself; not relative; final. Absolute conveyance: one without condition or qualification. Absolute estate: one subject to no condition; see Rob. El. L. Rev. ed.,§§ 90-94- Rule absolute: in English [...]Abstract Of Fine
Concept of Abstract of Fine Traditional meaning of abstract of fine [1] in the English common law history: Abstract of Pleas: a short statement of the pleas a defendant intended to plead, attached to the summons for leave to plead several pleas. In English practice, and now obsolete. Abstract [...]Accessary
Concept of Art and Part Traditional meaning of art and part [1] in scots law: A term used in Scotch law of one who is accessary to a crime, or aiding and abetting in it. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, [...]Accession
English Law: Accession in the Past The ownership of a thing, whether it be real or personal, movable or immovable, carries with it the right to all that the thing produces and to all that becomes united to it, either naturally or artificially; this is called the right of accession. [...]Accident insurance
Accident insurance in the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser Based on the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser , by W.S.M. Knight, Barrister –at – Law. The numerous casualties to which the life of man is liable are subjects of daily occurrence and observance—there is scarcely an [...]Accident insurance 2
Accident insurance 2 in the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser Based on the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser , by W.S.M. Knight, Barrister –at – Law. What Accidents are within the these are clearly defined in the policy. Now, as to some particular points hereon. (a) The injury [...]Account of Profits
Definition of Account of Profits In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Account of Profits : A remedy that a claimant can claim as an alternative to damages in certain circumstances, e.g. in an action for breach of *copyright. A successful claimant is [...]Account stated
Account stated in the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser Based on the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser , by W.S.M. Knight, Barrister –at – Law. An account stated is an admission by one in an account with another, that a balance is due from him to the other. Such an admission is [...]Accountability In Criminal Justice
Democratic Justice? Contrasting Models of Accountability in English Criminal Justice Elizabeth Ruth Turner, from the Unattached, North Shields, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Crime and Society," under the title [...]Accountant
Accountant's in the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser Based on the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser , by W.S.M. Knight, Barrister –at – Law. An accountant is, apart from special agree ment, entitled to fair and adequate remuneration for any services he may render; having [...]Accountants
Accountants in the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser Based on the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser , by W.S.M. Knight, Barrister –at – Law. Accountants may be described as persons engaged in the preparation, investigation, and auditing of accounts. They may be divided into three [...]Acre Fight
Concept of Acre Fight Traditional meaning of acre fight [1] in scots law: A camp fight; an ancient duel fought between the English and Scotch, in an open field. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, "Acre [...]Acts Of Sederunt
Concept of Acts of Sederunt Traditional meaning of acts of sederunt [1] in scots law: The general rules and orders of the Scotch Court of Sessions. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, "Acts of Sederunt", [...]Adherence
Concept of Adherence Traditional meaning of adherence [1] in scots law: In Scotch law, an action by either party for the restitution of conjugal rights. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, "Adherence", [...]Adjudication
Definition of Adjudication In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Adjudication : 1. The formal judgment or decision of a court or tribunal. 2. A decision by the Commissioners of Inland Revenue as to the amount (if any) of *stamp duty payable on a [...]Adminicle
Concept of Adminicle Traditional meaning of adminicle [1] in scots law: That which aids something else; in Scotch law, a deed or document referring to and proving another. Adminicular: auxiliary to. Adminiculum, I.: adminicle. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on [...]Administration Suit
Concept of Administration Suit Traditional meaning of administration suit [1] in the English common law history: A suit brought in chancery, in English practice, by any one interested, for administration of a decedent's estate, when there is doubt as to its solvency. [rtbs [...]Admiralty
History of the Admiralty The following commentary about Admiralty in the Churchill Era is produced by the Churchill College (Cambridge): Department of the Government administering the Royal Navy. Meaning of Admiralty The following is an old definition of Admiralty [1]: A court exercising [...]Adolescent Violence Towards Parents
Investigating Adolescent Violence Towards Parents: a uk Study Rachel Condry, from the University of Oxford, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Traditional and New Forms of Crime and Deviance," under the title [...]Agild
Concept of Agild Traditional meaning of agild [1] in the Saxon law history: Free from penalty; not subject to the customary fine. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, [...]Agiler
Concept of Agiler Traditional meaning of agiler [1] in the Saxon law history: An observer; informer. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, [...]Aid
Concept of Aid Traditional meaning of aid [1] in the English common law history: A service or payment due from tenants in chivalry to their lords; usually either to ransom the lord's person; pur faire I'eigne fitz chivaler, to make the eldest son a knight; or pur I'eigne file marier, to marry [...]Alderman
Definition of Alderman In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Alderman : A senior member of a local authority, elected by its directly elected members. Active aldermanic rank now exists only in the *City of London, having been phased out elsewhere by the [...]Aliment
Concept of Aliment Traditional meaning of aliment [1] in scots law: In Scotch law, to give support to a person unable to support himself; to provide with necessaries. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, [...]Amende Honorable
English Law: Amende Honorable in the Past A penalty imposed upon a person by way of disgrace or infamy, as a punishment for any offence or for the purpose of making reparation for any injury (see more about this popular legal topic in the U.K. encyclopedia) done to another, as the walking into [...]Amortization
English Law: Amortization in the Past An alienation of lands or tenements in mortraain. 2 Stat. Ed. I. Developments The cut of the property (see more about this popular legal topic in the U.K. encyclopedia) of lands or tenements to mortmain. AMORTISE, contracts. To alien lands in mortmain. [...]Ancient Demesne Or Domain
Concept of Ancient Demesne or Domain Traditional meaning of ancient demesne or domain [1] in the English common law history: A tenure existing in certain manors held by the Crown at the time of Edward the Confessor or William the Conqueror. A species of copyhold with fixed services and certain [...]Annum Diem Et Vastum
English Law: Annum Diem et Vastum in the Past The title which the king acquires in land, when a party, who held not of the king, is attainted of felony. He acquires the power not only to take the profits for a full year, but to waste and demolish houses and to extirpate woods and trees. [...]Anticipation
Concept of Anticipation in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined anticipation as follows: One of the grounds upon which a patent can be revoked. Essentially that the invention is not new. In Synthon BV v. Smithkline Beecham plc (20 Oct 2005) [2006] 1 All ER 685, [2005] [...]Antithetarius
English Old Law: Antithetarius in the Past The name given to a man who endeavors to discharge himself of the crime of which he is accused, by retorting the charge on the accuser. He differs from an approver (q, v.) in this, that the latter does not charge the accuser, but others. Jacob's Law [...]Appointed Person
Concept of Appointed Person in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined appointed person as follows: Appeal tribunal from hearing officers’ decisions.Approvement
English Law: Approvement in the Past The inclosing of common land within the lord's waste, so as to leave egress and regress to a tenant (see more about this popular legal topic in the U.K. encyclopedia) who is a commoner. Developments The augmentation of the profits of land. Stat. of Merton, [...]Approver
Concept of Approver Traditional meaning of approver [1] in the English common law history: A person indicted of a capital crime who confessed the crime before pleading and accused [appealed] another of the same crime; see 26 IU.173; 4th Book ("Of Public Wrongs"), Blackstone's Commentaries on [...]Article
Definition of Article In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Article : A clause in a document. The plural, articles, is often used to mean the entire document, e.g. *articles of association Article 81 A provision of the Treaty of Rome that prohibits [...]Articles Of The Peace
English Law: Articles of the Peace in the Past An instrument which is presented to a court of competent jurisdiction, in which the exhibitant shows the grievances under which be labors and prays the protection of the court. It is made on oath. See a form in 12 Adol. & Ellis, 599; 40 E. C. L. [...]Artist’s Resale Right
Concept of Artist’s Resale Right in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined artist’s resale right as follows: The right of an artist to claim a portion of subsequent sales of certain types of artistic works.Artistic Work
Concept of Artistic Work in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined artistic work as follows: S.4 (1) of the CDPA defines an artistic work as a graphic work, photograph, sculpture or collage, irrespective of artistic quality, a work of architecture being a building or a [...]Assignment
Definition of Assignment In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Assignment : 1. The transfer of a *chose in action by one person (the assignor) to another (the assignee). By the rules of the common law, this was not permissible. If, for example, A was owed a [...]Assithment
Concept of Assythment, Assithment Traditional meaning of assythment, assithment [1] in scots law: An action in Scotch law, brought by the relatives or personal representatives of a murdered person against the guilty person before the trial of the latter. Damages were awarded called an [...]Assize
Definition of Assize In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Assize : 1. An assize court or council. In modern times assizes were sittings of High Court judges travelling on circuits around the country with commissions from the Crown to hear cases. These [...]Astrihilthet
Concept of Astrihilthet Traditional meaning of astrihilthet [1] in the Saxon law history: A penalty of double the damage for breach of the King's peace. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise [...]Attaint
English Law: Attaint in the Past Atinctus, attainted, stained or blackened. 2. A writ which lies to inquire whether a jury of twelve men gave a false verdict. Bract. lib. 4, tr. 1, c. 134; Fleta, lib. 5, c. 22, 8. Developments It was a trial by jury of twenty-four men empanelled to try the [...]Audience Court
English Law and Ecclesiastical Law: Audience Court in the Past A court belonging to the archbishop of Canterbury, having the same authority with the court of arches. 4 Inst. 337. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, this information [...]Augmentation
English Old Law: Augmentation in the Past The name of a court erected by Henry VIII., which was invested with the power of determining suits and controversies about monasteries and abbey lands. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, this [...]Author
Concept of Author in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined author as follows: The person who creates a copyright work.Aver-corn
Concept of Aver-corn Traditional meaning of aver-corn [1] in the English common law history: A reserved rent in corn, paid to religious houses by their tenants. Aver-land: land ploughed and manured by the tenants. Aver-peny: money paid to be freed from doing the King's averages or carriages; [...]Averiis Captis In Wlthernam
English Law: Averiis Captis in Wlthernam in the Past The name of a writ which lies in favor of a man whose cattle have been unlawfully taken by another and driven out of the county where they were taken, so that they cannot be replevied. Developments This writ issues against the wrong doer to [...]Bacberend
Concept of Bacberend Traditional meaning of bacberend [1] in the Saxon law history: (Carrying on the back.) A term used of a thief caught with the stolen goods. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A [...]Back-bond
Concept of Back-bond Traditional meaning of back-bond [1] in scots law: In Scotch law, a declaration of trust. An indemnification bond. [rtbs name="scottish-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, "Back-bond", Boston: Little, Brown, [...]Bacs
Bacs Service The Bankers Automated Clearings System (Bacs) is a service owned by Bacs Payment Schemes Limited and operated by Voca Limited enabling companies to make payments and debits within the UK. In other words, the Bacs service is a computer system which sorts automated payment [...]Bailie
In Scotland the word bailiff has taken the form of bailie, signifying a superior officer or magistrate of a municipal corporation. Bailies, by virtue of their office, are invested with certain judicial and administrative powers within the burgh for which they are appointed. They sit as [...]Balivo Amovendo
English Law: Balivo Amovendo in the Past A writ to remove a bailiff out of his office. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, this information about balivo amovendo is based on the Bouvier´s Law Dictionary, 1848 edition. There is a list of [...]Bankruptcy notice
Bankruptcy notice in the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser Based on the Business Encyclopaedia and Legal Adviser , by W.S.M. Knight, Barrister –at – Law. This process, by way of Bankruptcy Notice, is the most common foundation of bankruptcy proceedings. The following are some points for [...]Bar
The Bar Definition of Bar In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Bar : 1. A legal impediment. 2. An imaginary barrier in a court of law. Only Queen's Counsel, officers of the court, and litigants in person are allowed between the bar and the *bench [...]Bare Licensee
Definition of Bare Licensee In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Bare Licensee : A person who uses or occupies land by permission of the owner but has no legal or equitable interest in it. Such permission is personal to him; thus he cannot transfer it. He [...]Baron
Baron Meaning, as used in the UK Parliament The British Peerage has five ranks or grades. Baron is the fifth and lowest of the ranks. Baron is a title that was created and first given to John Beauchamp de Holt in 1387. History This word, of uncertain origin, was introduced into England at [...]Barrister
Definition of Barrister A lawyer who is entitled to represent clients in all of the courts. In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Barrister : A legal practitioner admitted to plead at the Bar. A barrister must be a member of one of the four Inns of [...]Barton
English Old Law: Barton in the Past The demesne land of a manor; a farm distinct from the mansion. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, this information about barton is based on the Bouvier´s Law Dictionary, 1848 edition. There is a list [...]Battel
English Old Law: Battel in the Past In French, Bataille. An ancient and barbarous mode of trial, by Bingle combat, called wager of battel, where, in appeals of felony, the appellee might fight with the appellant to prove his innocence. It was also used in affairs of chivalry or honor and upon [...]Bearers
English Law: Bearers in the Past Such as bear down or oppress others; maintainers. In Ruffhead's Statutes it is employed to translate the French word emparnours, which signifies, according to Kelham, promisers of suits. 4 Ed. III. c. 11. This word is no longer used in this sense. [...]Beau Pleader
English Law: Beau Pleader in the Past Fair pleading (i.e. There is further information on this topic in this legal reference. The formal allegations by the parties of their respective claims and defenses). See Stultiloquium. Developments This is the name of a writ upon the statute of [...]Benchers
Concept of Benchers Traditional meaning of benchers [1] in the English common law history: The governing members of the English Inns of Court. [rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, "Benchers", [...]Beneficio Primo Ecclesiastico Habendo
English Law and Ecclesiastical Law: Beneficio Primo Ecclesiastico Habendo in the Past A writ directed from the king to the chancellor, commanding him to bestow the benefice which must first fall in the king's gift, above or under a certain value, upon a particular and certain person. [...]Benefit Of Clergy
English Law: Benefit of Clergy in the Past An exemption of the punishment of death which the laws impose on the commission of certain crimes, on the culprit demanding it. By modern statute's, benefit of clergy was rather a substitution of a more mild punishment for the punishment of death. [...]Bernet
Concept of Bernet Traditional meaning of bernet [1] in the Saxon law history: Arson; any capital offence. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, [...]Betterment
Concept of Betterment Traditional meaning of betterment [1] in the English common law history: A permanent improvement or addition made to lands or houses by the occupant; something more than repairs. Beyond sea, beyond the four seas. Out of the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Out of the [...]Bilateral Contract
Definition of Bilateral Contract A contract which involves each party in the negotiation of the terms.Bill Of Sight
English Law: Bill of Sight in the Past When a merchant i's ignorant of the real quantities or qualities of any goods consigned to him, so that he is unable to make a perfect entry of them, he is needd to acquaint the collector or comptroller of the circumstances and such officer is authorized, [...]Bill Of Store
English Law: Bill of Store in the Past A license granted by custom house officers to merchants, to carry such stores and provisions as are necessary for a voyage, free of duty. See stat. 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 5 2. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and [...]Black-mail
Concept of Black-mail The following is an old definition of Black-mail [1], a term which has several meanings:1. Rent reserved in work, grain, or the baser money. Opposed, white rent: rent paid in silver. A rent in grain, cattle, money, or other thing, anciently paid to men of influence, in [...]Blodwite
Concept of Blodwite Traditional meaning of blodwite [1] in the Saxon law history: An amerciament for the shedding of blood. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, [...]Boilerplate Clauses
Bona Notabilia
English Law and Ecclesiastical Law: Bona Notabilia in the Past Notable goods. When a person dies having at the time of his death, goods in any other diocese, beside's the goods in the diocese where he dies, amounting to the value of five pounds in the whole, he is said to have bona notabilia; [...]Bootlegging
Concept of Bootlegging in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined bootlegging as follows: Making and distributing films or sound recordings that infringe rights in performances on an industrial scale.Border Of Conflict
“There Were Bad Times and There Were Rough Times.” Policing on the Border of Conflict Vicky Conway, from the University of Kent, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Crime and Society," under the title "“There Were Bad Times [...]Borough English
Meaning of Borough English The following is an old definition of Borough English [1]: A custom prevalent in some parts of England (chiefly in old boroughs) by which the youngest son inherited the father's estate. So called to distinguish it from the Norman rule of primogeniture, see, in this [...]Brand
Concept of Brand in IP Law [rtbs name="intellectual-property-law"]Lambert defined brand as follows: The identifying feature of a product or service. It could be a brand name, logo, get-up, initials or other signs,.Breach of Contract
Definition of Breach of Contract In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Breach of Contract : An actual failure by a party to a contract to perform his obligations under that contract or an indication of his intention not to do so. An indication that a [...]Bridges
Concept of Brigbote, Brugbote Traditional meaning of brigbote, brugbote [1] in the Saxon law history: A contribution for the repair of bridges. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law [...]C0mmon Appurtenant
English Law: C0mmon Appurtenant in the Past A right granted by deed, by the owner of waste or other land, to another person, owner of other land, to have his cattle or a particular description of cattle; levant and couchant upon the land, at certain seasons of the year or at all times of the [...]Canon
Concept of Canon Traditional meaning of canon [1] in the English common law history: 1. A law. 2. A prebendary; member of a chapter. Canon law: the law of the Church of Rome as to matters in its jurisdiction, and partly preserved in English ecclesiastical law and admiralty. [rtbs [...]Castle
Concept of Wic, Wyk Traditional meaning of wic, wyk [1] in the Saxon law history: A house, castle, or town. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases and maxims, [...]Ceapgild
Concept of Ceapgild Traditional meaning of ceapgild [1] in the Saxon law history: Payment, or forfeiture, of an animal. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, phrases [...]Cenegild
Concept of Cenegild Traditional meaning of cenegild [1] in the Saxon law history: A mulct paid by the slayer to the kin of a person slain. Note: For more information on Saxon Law history, see here.[rtbs name="saxon-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary [...]Cert Money
Concept of Cert Money Traditional meaning of cert money [1] in the English common law history: Head-money paid by tenants to the lords of manors for the keeping of the court-leet. [rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Based on A concise law dictionary of words, [...]Chancellor
History The chancellor in England In England the office of chancellor dates back to the reign of Edward the Confessor, the first English king to use the Norman practice of sealing instead of signing documents; and from the Norman Conquest onwards the succession of chancellors is [...]Chancery
History Chancery, in English law, the court of the lord chancellor of England, consolidated in 1873 along with the other superior courts in the Supreme Court of Judicature. Its origin is noticed under the head of Chancellor. It has been customary to say that the court of chancery consists [...]Chancery Division
Definition of Chancery Division In accordance with the work A Dictionary of Law, this is a description of Chancery Division : The division of the *High Court of Justice created by the Judicature Acts 1873-75 to replace the *Court of Chancery. The work of the Division is principally concerned [...]Charity Punishment
Punishment and Charity: Beyond Contracts, Beyond Foucault Philippa Tomczak, from the The University of Manchester, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual Conference of the European Society of Criminology, in the category "Crime and Society," under the title "Punishment and Charity: Beyond [...]Charre Of Lead
English Law: Charre of Lead in the Past A quantity of lead consisting of thirty pigs, each pig containing six stones wanting two pounds and every stone being twelve pounds. Jacob. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, this information [...]Charter-land
English Law: Charter-land in the Past Land formerly held by deed under certain rents and free services and it differed in nothing from free socage land. It was also called bookland. 2 Bl. Com. 90. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, [...]Chartis Reddendis
English Law: Chartis Reddendis in the Past An ancient writ, now obsolete, which lays against one who had charters of feoffment entrusted to his keeping and who refused to deliver them. Reg. Orig. 159. [1][rtbs name="history-of-english-law"] Resources Notes and References Partialy, [...]Chase
English Law: Chase in the Past The liberty of keeping beasts of chase or royal gaine, on another man's ground as well as on one's own ground, protected even from the owner of the land, with a power of hunting them thereon. It differs from a park, because it may be on another's ground and [...]Chief
Concept of Chief Traditional meaning of chief [1] in the English common law history: Head; lord; principal. Chief justice: the oldest, or presiding judge of a court. The chief justice of England is the chief justice of the K. B. Chief lord : the ultimate or highest lord of the fee, of whom the [...]Child Homicide
Child Homicide in Germany in Families That Had Been Supported by the Youth Welfare Services: What Can we Learn From These Cases for the Improvement of the Welfare System? Ulrike Zaehringer, from the Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, made a contribution to the 2012 Annual [...]Chivalry
English Law: Chivalry in the Past This word is derived from the French chevelier, a horseman. It is. There is further information on this topic in this legal reference. The name of a tenure of land by knight's service. Chivalry was of two kinds: the first; which was regal or held only of the [...]In Perpetual Beta
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